Headache as the most prevalent post-vaccination adverse event after Covid-19 vaccination / Dor de cabeça como evento adverso pós-vacinação mais prevalente após a vacinação contra Covid-19

BACKGROUND: In 2020, the first vaccines were approved, according to the WHO. However, speculations arose regarding their efficacy and post-vaccination adverse events (AEFV). OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence of headache as AEFI from the SARSCoV-2 vaccine in Piauí, Brazil. METHODS: This is a quantitative, observational, cross-sectional, and prevalence study. Data were provided by the Post-Vaccination Adverse Event Information System (SI-AEFV), from reported cases from January to September 2021. Data were analyzed, and the research was approved by the UFPI Research Ethics Committee. RESULTS: A total of 2,008 cases were analyzed. Headache was reported in 752 cases (27.99%) as an AEFV after vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. In most cases, patients were from Teresina (67.62%), of brown race/ethnicity (52.67%), female (79.00%), and the majority were not healthcare professionals (54.27%). The most common age of patients, with the original data, was 33 years. After data correction, the most common age was 28 years. The majority of these cases were not severe (96.44%), and the majority of cases were associated with the first dose of the Covid-19-Covishield-Oxford/AstraZeneca vaccine (43.18%).CONCLUSION: Thus, it is concluded from the partial analysis of the results that headache is the most common adverse event after vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. The profile of patients with the most notifications was brown women aged 30 to 40 years who received the first dose of the Covid-19-Covishield-Oxford/AstraZeneca vaccine. Regarding the severity of events, the vast majority were considered non-severe, and no deaths were mentioned, demonstrating the safety of immunobiologicals.

FUNDAMENTO: Em 2020, foram aprovadas as primeiras vacinas, segundo a OMS. No entanto, surgiram especulações quanto à sua eficácia e eventos adversos pós-vacinais (EAPV). OBJETIVO: Avaliar a prevalência de cefaleia como EAPV da vacina SARSCoV-2 no Piauí, Brasil. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, observacional, transversal e de prevalência. Os dados foram fornecidos pelo Sistema de Informação de Eventos Adversos Pós-Vacinação (SI-AEFV), dos casos notificados no período de janeiro a setembro de 2021. Os dados foram analisados ​​e a pesquisa foi aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da UFPI. RESULTADOS: Foram analisados ​​2.008 casos. Cefaleia foi relatada em 752 casos (27,99%) como EAPV após vacinação contra SARS-CoV-2. Na maioria dos casos, os pacientes eram procedentes de Teresina (67,62%), de raça/etnia parda (52,67%), do sexo feminino (79,00%) e a maioria não era profissional de saúde (54,27%). A idade mais comum dos pacientes, com os dados originais, era de 33 anos. Após correção dos dados, a idade mais comum foi 28 anos. A maioria desses casos não foi grave (96,44%), e a maioria dos casos esteve associada à primeira dose da vacina Covid-19-Covishield-Oxford/AstraZeneca (43,18%).CONCLUSÃO: Assim, conclui-se a partir da análise parcial dos resultados de que cefaleia é o evento adverso mais comum após vacinação contra SARS-CoV-2. O perfil dos pacientes com mais notificações foi de mulheres pardas com idade entre 30 e 40 anos que receberam a primeira dose da vacina Covid-19-Covishield-Oxford/AstraZeneca. Quanto à gravidade dos eventos, a grande maioria foi considerada não grave e não foram mencionados óbitos, demonstrando a segurança dos imunobiológicos.

Seguridad de las vacunas SOBERANAS® en niños, hijos de trabajadores de una institución de BioCubaFarma / Safety of SOBERANAS® vaccines in children of workers of a BioCubaFarma institution

En un complejo contexto epidemiológico nacional e internacional, de trasmisión y hospitalización por COVID-19 en población pediátrica, Cuba decidió realizar una campaña de vacunación masiva contra esta enfermedad en niños y adolescentes. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la seguridad del esquema heterólogo de dos dosis de SOBERANA®02 más una dosis de SOBERANA®Plus con 28 días entre ellas en niños y adolescentes, hijos de los trabajadores del Centro Nacional de Biopreparados, que pertenece a BioCubaFarma, Grupo Empresarial de las Industrias Biotecnológica y Farmacéutica de Cuba. La seguridad de las vacunas se evaluó mediante la identificación y clasificación de los eventos adversos por farmacovigilancia activa y pasiva. Se evaluaron 237 niños de ambos sexos, siendo incluidos 200 (130 con edades de 2 a 10 años y 70, de 11 a 18). Ciento noventa niños de los incluidos (95 por ciento) recibieron el esquema completo de vacunación. Se registraron un total de 121 eventos adversos, en su mayoría por farmacovigilancia pasiva, de intensidad leve y de causalidad A1 (relacionados). No ocurrieron eventos adversos graves relacionados. Las vacunas SOBERANA®02 y SOBERANA®PLUS evidenciaron un perfil de seguridad muy favorable durante su administración a niños y adolescentes, hijos de los trabajadores del Centro Nacional de Biopreparados(AU)

In a complex national and international epidemiological context of transmission and hospitalization by COVID-19 in the pediatric population, Cuba decided to carry out a massive vaccination campaign against this disease in children and adolescents. The aim of this work was to evaluate the safety of the heterologous scheme of two doses of SOBERANA®02 and one dose of SOBERANA®PLUS with 28 days between them, in children and adolescents who are sons of workers of the Centro Nacional de Biopreparados which belongs to BioCubaFarma, the Business Group of the Biotechnological and Pharmaceutical Industries of Cuba. The safety of the vaccines was evaluated through the identification and classification of adverse events by active and passive pharmacovigilance. A quantity of 237 children of both sexes was evaluated, and 200 were included (130 from 2 to 10 years, and 70 from 11 to 18 years). Of those included, 190 children (95percent) received the complete vaccination schedule. A total of 121 adverse events were recorded, mostly due to passive pharmacovigilance, of mild intensity and A1 (related) causality. No related serious adverse events occurred. The SOBERANA®02 and SOBERANA®PLUS vaccines showed a very favorable safety profile during their administration to children and adolescents who are sons of workers at the Centro Nacional de Biopreparados(AU)

Cirugía colorrectal en tiempos de COVID-19: guías de recomendación del Hospital Británico de Buenos Aires / Colorectal surgery in times of COVID-19: recommendation guides of the British Hospital of Buenos Aires

Se trató de redactar una guía para la práctica segura de la especialidad en tiempos de COVID-19. Se realizó una búsqueda de las publicaciones recientes disponibles en Pub-Med y en otros buscadores, se utilizó la experiencia de expertos a través de diferentes conferencias o comunicados de sociedades científicas. Esta pandemia nos ha obligado a aprender de una manera vertiginosa el manejo de una nueva enfermedad, donde especialistas en cirugía comenzamos a hablar de terminología clínica, virológica, entre otras completamente nueva y desconocida para la mayoría de nosotros. Tuvimos que adaptar nuestra práctica habitual a nuevos estándares, cometiendo diferentes errores en el manejo inicial, provocados por la falta de información previa. La guía trata de abarcar los tópicos considerados más relevantes en este momento, como son el manejo del consultorio, recomendaciones de que patologías se recomienda operar y cuáles no. Recomendaciones de tratamientos alternativos al quirúrgico mientras dura la pandemia. Métodos de diagnósticos utilizados para evaluar infección en pacientes que se someterán a una cirugía, etc. Se agregaron links y apéndices para aquellos que deseen ampliar algún tema en particular, esto evita que la guía sea más extensa y pierda su practicidad con la que fue pensada. Esperamos esta guía sirva para facilitar la compresión de esta nueva enfermedad y su manejo para cualquier cirujano que necesite asistir a pacientes con patología colorrectal. Seguramente al finalizar estas líneas habrá nueva evidencia que deberá ser adaptada e incorporada a la presentada actualmente.

An attempt was made to write a guide for the safe practice of the specialty in times of COVID-19. A search of recent publication available in Pub-Med and other platforms was performed. Experts' opinions and experiences were taken into account from various conferences or communications of scientific societies. This pandemic has forced us to learn the management of a new disease in a sudden way. Surgical specialists began to learn clinical and virologic terminology, among other new concepts previously ignored by most of us. We were forced to adapt our usual practice to new standards, making different mistakes in the initial handling, caused by the lack of prior information.The present guide tries to cover the topics considered most relevant at this time, such as outpatients ́ management, recommendations of which patients we should operate on and which procedures should be postponed. Recommendations for alternative treatments to surgery while the pandemic lasts. Diagnostic methods used to assess infection in patients who will undergo surgery, etc. Links and appendices have been added for those who wish to expand on a particular topic, this prevents the guide from being too extensive and losing the practicality with which it was intended. We hope this guide will facilitate the understanding of this new disease and its management for any surgeon who needs to assist patients with colorectal pathology. By the time we would have finished these lines there will be new evidence that must be adapted and incorporated into those currently presented.

Intervenções de segurança viária e seus efeitos nas lesões causadas pelo trânsito: uma revisão sistemática / Road safety measures and their effects on traffic injuries: a systematic review

OBJETIVO: Identificar e sintetizar os achados de estudos que descrevem intervenções cuja proposição principal é a redução de lesões causadas pelo trânsito. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática integrativa, sem metanálise. Os critérios de qualidade Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) foram utilizados para sintetizar os achados dos artigos revisados. Foi realizada uma busca eletrônica de artigos no período de 2006 a 2011 nas bases de dados PubMed, Web of Science, SciELO e LILACS, utilizando os descritores "acidentes de trânsito", "avaliação" e "políticas públicas" na sua forma isolada ou combinados pela expressão booleana "And". RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos 22 estudos, dos quais dois descreveram estratégias de engenharia, dois descreveram outras políticas de segurança viária, três descreveram estratégias de educação e 15 descreveram iniciativas de fiscalização. A fiscalização foi a estratégia que apresentou resultados imediatos aparentemente mais efetivos. A engenharia se mostrou importante no sentido de promover um ambiente seguro. Por fim, a educação teve um caráter mais informativo e de apoio às outras estratégias e não apresentou evidência significativa para uma mudança cultural de segurança viária. CONCLUSÕES: A fiscalização parece ser a estratégia mais efetiva para mudar o comportamento do condutor, principalmente em relação ao excesso de velocidade e ao consumo de álcool associado com direção.

OBJECTIVE: To identify and summarize the findings of studies describing interventions aimed at reducing road traffic injuries. METHODS: An integrative systematic review without meta-analysis was performed. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) were used to synthesize the findings of the articles reviewed. The keywords "traffic accidents", "review" and "public policy" were used in isolation or combined with boolean operator "And" to search PubMed, Web of Science, SciELO, and LILACS for the period between 2006 and 2011 RESULTS: Twenty-two studies were included in the systematic review. Of these, two described engineering strategies, two described other road safety policies, three described education strategies, and 15 described law enforcement policies. Law enforcement had the most effective immediate results. Engineering strategies proved important to promote a safe environment. Finally, education strategies had an informative role and served to support other strategies, but did not seem sufficient to promote cultural changes regarding road safety. CONCLUSIONS: Law enforcement seems to be the most effective strategy to change the behavior of drivers, especially regarding speed limits and drinking and driving.

Prestação de serviços de manutenção predial em Estabelecimentos Assistenciais de Saúde / Provision of building maintenance services in healthcare facilities

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar (através de estudo descritivo, quantitativo e transversal) a prestação de serviços de manutenção predial em Unidades de Saúde, considerando os cinco tipos de Estabelecimentos (Unidade Básica de Saúde, Unidade de Pronto Atendimento, Especialidade, Hospitalar e Saúde Mental). A pesquisa foi aprovada no CEP da FHEMIG com o Termo de Concordância junto ao SUS Betim. Foi realizada a análise comparativa através da verificação de requisitos da "Gestão da Estrutura Físico-Funcional", do "Manual Brasileiro de Acreditação Hospitalar" da ONA. Foram constatadas inconformidades na gestão físico-funcional dos EAS, especialmente das UBS. Importante essa avaliação, considerando que o cumprimento dos requisitos formais, técnicos e de estrutura, as atividades assistenciais, de acordo com a organização do serviço e adequadas ao perfil e à complexidade, podem colaborar para minimizar os riscos dos usuários. Para a melhoria da qualidade assistencial dos estabelecimentos, é imprescindível que os gestores, com o respaldo da "alta direção", priorizem, nos planejamentos, os recursos financeiros, humanos e materiais a fim de garantir o cumprimento das exigências da segurança dos usuários nos edifícios.

The scope of this paper was to evaluate the provision of building maintenance services in health units, by means of a descriptive, quantitative and cross-sectional study, considering the five types of facilities (Primary Health, Emergency, Specialty, Hospital and Mental Health Units). The research was approved by the Research Ethics Comittee of FHEMIG with the Terms of Agreement signed with the Unified Health System of Betim. Comparative analysis was conducted by checking the requirements of "Physical-Functional Structure Management" of the "Brazilian Hospital Accreditation Manual" of the National Accreditation Organization. Nonconformities were noted in the physical-functional management of the health centers, especially the primary health units. The assessment was important, considering that compliance with formal, technical and structural requirements, welfare activities, according to the service organization and appropriate to the profile and complexity, can collaborate to minimize the risks of users. To improve the quality of health care establishments, it is essential that managers, backed by "top management," prioritize financial, human and material resources in planning to ensure compliance with security requirements of users in buildings.

Precarização do trabalho e risco de acidentes na construção civil: um estudo com base na Análise Coletiva do Trabalho (ACT) / Work precariousness and risk of accidents in civil construction: a study based on the Collective Work Analysis

Este artigo descreve a atividade e a percepção dos trabalhadores da construção civil sobre os riscos e a carga de trabalho. O estudo, com base na Análise Coletiva de Trabalho (ACT), é parte de pesquisa em políticas públicas para aprimoramento do Sistema de Vigilância em Acidentes de Trabalho (SIVAT) de Piracicaba-SP. Priorizou-se a construção civil pela magnitude epidemiológica de ocorrência de acidentes de trabalho e a baixa eficácia das ações tradicionais de vigilância pelas características de informalidade, terceirização e rotatividade do setor. Os trabalhadores revelaram elevada percepção dos riscos de acidentes e que as medidas de segurança dificultam ou impedem a realização do trabalho. Os achados questionam a eficácia dos treinamentos para adesão às medidas de segurança e evidenciam a necessidade de uma pedagogia transformadora nas ações de promoção da saúde e prevenção dos acidentes de trabalho.

Nuevos desafíos de los cuerpos policiales en un mundo globalizado / Novos desafi os das forças policiais em um mundo globalizado / New challenges for police corps in a globalized world

Se busca analizar el impacto que tiene la globalización en los cuerpos policiales y, por ende, en las funciones que desarrollan en la búsqueda de la convivencia. El debate actual se centra en los efectos de la globalización en el crimen y en las estrategias emprendidas por las agencias gubernamentales para obtener mejores resultados en la lucha contra el delito. El documento muestra cómo el fenómeno tiene un impacto significativo en las dinámicas sociales, económicas, políticas, institucionales y culturales y, por consiguiente, en la política de control del crimen. Estos aspectos adquieren un matiz fundamental en una de las instituciones con un papel primordial en este sentido: la institución policial. Finalmente, se busca analizar los posibles escenarios futuros que demandarán un cambio en la Policía Nacional de Colombia

The article attempts to analyze the impact of globalization on police corps and, therefore, on the functions they perform in search of a good coexistence. The current debate focuses on the effects of globalization on crime, and the strategies undertaken by government agencies in order to obtain better results in their fi ght against delinquency. The document shows how this has a signifi cant impact on social, economic, political, institutional and cultural dynamics and, consequently, on the crime control policy. These aspects are of growing importance in one of the institutions that play the most fundamental role in this sense: the police institution. Finally, it is aimed at analyzing the likely future scenarios demanding a change in the National Police of Colombia

Procura analisar o impacto que tem a globalização nas forças de polícia e, consequentemente, nas funções que se desenvolvem na busca da coexistência. O atual debate concentrase sobre os efeitos da globalização sobre o crime e estratégias empreendidas pelos órgãos governamentais para obter melhores resultados na luta contra o crime. O documento mostra como o fenômeno tem um impacto signifi cativo sobre a dinâmica social, econômica, política, institucional e cultural e, consequentemente, na política de controle do crime. Estes aspectos adquirem uma nuance fundamental em uma das instituições com um papel primordial neste contexto: a instituição da polícia. Finalmente, pretendemse analisar possíveis cenários futuros que exigirão uma mudança na Polícia Nacional da Colômbia

[Predicting driving error, lapses and violations from personality characteristics and Vienna Risk Taking test-traffic]

The aim of this study was to predict driving error, lapses and violations from five narrow-band personality traits of Eyseneck Personality Profile, Vienna Risk Taking Test-Traffic and Considering Future Consequence Scale. Current study is a relational study. 510 drivers was selected randomly and divided to two groups accident namely prone [n=257] and non accident prone [n=253]. Participants responded to following instruments Eyseneck Personality Profile [EPP] Eyseneck and Wilson [1991], Scale of Considering Future Consequences [Strathman et al, 1994], Driving Behavior Questionnaire [Lawton, 1997] and WRBTV [Hergovich et al, 2005]. Finding indicated that characteristics of two groups have significant differences according to driving error, lapses and violations. Also there are significant relations among these variables and three wrong driving behavior of participants. Organizations can decrease accident rate by selecting drivers according to applicant [of the job driver] characteristics especially by using WRBTV as an efficient instrument to find drivers deficiencies

Qualidade e segurança assistencial aplicada à cardiologia: as contribuições da experiência americana: [revisão] / Healthcare safety and quality applied to cardiology: contributions of the american experience: [review]

Apesar do grande desenvolvimento da medicina, as doenças cardiovasculares (DCV) ainda prevalecem entre as principais causas de morbimortalidade em todo o mundo, além do alto custo para os sistemas de saúde. A qualidade da assistência está diretamente relacionada à adoção das melhores práticas médicas preconizadas pelas diretrizes. Evidências indicam que a adesão a essas ações pode reduzir os índices de morbimortalidade e o custo de doenças como infarto agudo do miocárdio e insuficiência cardíaca. Os EUA vêm demonstrando grande preocupação em mensurar aqualidade e certificar instituições de saúde, como uma estratégia de melhoria contínua da qualidade e segurançado cuidado, experiência que já acumula há mais de um século. No Brasil, esse processo de certificação, bem mais recente, abrange cada vez mais os hospitais. Os “indicadores de qualidade” são escolhidos com base nas diretrizes clínicas das sociedades médicas que, por sua vez, são desenvolvidas com o auxílio da Medicina Baseada em Evidências. As Sociedades de Cardiologia, em especial as norte-americanas, foram pioneiras em construir diretrizes. Entretanto, mesmo em cardiologia, observa-se grande variabilidade na utilização dessas diretrizes e, por consequência, grande variabilidade da prática clínica não justificada, o que acarreta redução da qualidade assistencial. Este artigo traça um histórico sobre o movimento da qualidade e segurança em saúde americana, discutindo seu impacto na prática médica e destacando as atuais propostas de mudança na forma de remuneração do ato médico, também consideradas como uma alternativa no Brasil.

Despite massive progress in medicine, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are still the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, boosting healthcare system costs. Good quality care is directly related to adoption of the best practices as recommended by the guidelines. Evidence indicates that compliance may well lower morbidity and mortality rates and reduce the costs ofdiseases such as acute myocardial infarction and heart failure. There is much concern in the USA over measuring quality and certifying institutions as astrategy for ongoing improvement in healthcare quality and safety, building up more than a century of experience. Although more recent, this certificationprocess is encompassing more hospitals in Brazil. The quality indicators are selected on the basis of the ClinicalGuidelines established by Medical Societies, which are grounded on Evidence-Based Medicine. Especially inthe USA, Cardiology Societies were pioneers in establishing guidelines. However, even in cardiology, there are wide variations in the use of these guidelines and consequently an equally wide and unjustified variation in clinical practice that downgrades healthcarequality. This paper offers an overview of the quality and safety movement in the US healthcare system, discussing its impact on medical practice and highlighting current proposals for changes in remuneration for medicalactivities, also considered as an alternative in Brazil.

Profile of nurses working in chemotherapeutic oncology departments in Sohag governorate

The aim of this descriptive study is to determine the individual and professional characteristics of the oncology nurse, their working condition. Status and actual usage of safety measures while handiling cytotoxic drugs in their daily work surrounding. A self-evaluation questionnaire divided in three parts developed by the investigator after review of the literature. A total of 29 murses participated in the survey [2 male and 27 females]. The mean age of the nurses was [22.0 +/- 3.2] in hospital 1.2 compared with hospital 3 was [25.0 +/- 4.3], the majority of nurses [86.2]% were secondary school nursing graduate and the rest had a technical of nurses [13.8%]. In the 55.2% of all participants had from 1-5 years experience. [72.4%] of participant always preparing and administering of chemotherapeutic drugs. 55.2% of them exposure to needle stick in the last 6 months from 1-3 times. The mean weekly work hours was [55.0] in hospital 1, [72.0] in hospital 2, [44.6] in hospital 3, mean number of patients receiving care at day time and night in hospital 1, 2, 3 were 29.0 +/- 2.2:15.0 +/- 1.3;35.0 +/- 11.6 and 25.0 +/- 46.0;5.1 +/- 1.1.mean daily chemotherapy preparation and administration period were 24.4 +/- 45.9,20.0 +/- 7.9;26.3 +/- 6.1,20.0 +/- 7.5.38.0 +/- 12.0 in hospital 1, 2, 3 respectively. The result of this study revealed that the level of knowledge of nurses concerning the tumor and antineoplastic hazards was satisfactory. However, the items concerning the skills when handling the drugs and use personal protective equipment while handling and administering antineoplastic agents to prevent occupational hazarde was unsatisfactory

Compliance to safety measures towered radiation hazards among the heath team

Radiation is a threat to health in work place and in general environment. Workers in radiation therapy department are exposed to variety type of occupational hazards. Health and safety measures compliance may decrease the health sequences of hazards to exposure. the research aimed to find out compliance to safety measures toward radiation hazards among the health team. the study were conducted at two radiation therapy settings affiliated to the largest cancer hospitals at Cairo governorate, National Cancer Institute and El demerdash hospital in Ain Shams university. A purposive sample [108] health team members in two settings were selected. [1] self administered questionnaire, [2] health team compliance observation checklist. finding revealed that, most of studied sample age were 35-45 years and had secondary education, most of them were had unsatisfactory knowledge and most of them were not compliance to health and safety measures compliance were more in safety practice. the study concluded there were lack of knowledge about radiation therapy, radiation hazards, and radiation safety measures specially technician, nurses, and clerk and low level of compliance to health and safety measures. the study recommended establish plans for periodical safety training courses for health team member in radiation setting to help in improving their practice and update their knowledge

Un análisis de la seguridad contra incendios en edificios de altura en Chile / Analysis of fire safety in high-rise buildings in Chile

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo estudiar el nivel de seguridad contra incendios de los edificios de altura en Chile, en base a un análisis descriptivo de datos que permita establecer de modo representativo la realidad existente en ellos para, posteriormente, entregar recomendaciones de mejoramiento. Para este propósito, se ha realizado una recopilación de datos de evaluaciones a edificios de altura que han sido elaborados desde el año 1991 hasta el año 2009. Los resultados se han agrupado en función del tipo de construcción del edificio y sus partes, los equipos e instalaciones de servicio, los equipos e instalaciones de extinción y la seguridad de vida. Los resultados obtenidos permiten comprender los niveles de seguridad de vida que presentan estas edificaciones, visualizar los puntos más débiles en seguridad contra incendios y proponer cambios a nuestra legislación vigente. Además, se hace necesario mejorar las condiciones constructivas de los edificios antiguos que, en su mayoría, no cuentan con una zona vertical de seguridad que permita a los usuarios evacuar en forma segura hacia la salida en caso de presentarse una emergencia. Finalmente, se entrega en este trabajo una serie de comentarios sobre los análisis realizados.

This work aims to study the fire safety level of high-rise buildings in Chile with a descriptive data analysis that enables us to determine representatively the actual situation and then provide improvement recommendations. In order to achieve this purpose, a data collection from fire risk assessments of high rise buildings between 1991 and 2009 has been conducted. Results have been classified according to type of construction of the building and its parts, fire extinguishing equipment and system, and safety of life. Results obtained provide an understanding of the safety of life levels in these buildings, a visualization of the weakest spots in fire safety, and allow us to suggest changes in legislation in force. Moreover, it is necessary to improve construction conditions of old buildings,which mostly have no vertical safety area that enable users to evacuate in a safe manner in case of emergency. Finally, a series of comments about analysis is also available.

Health surveillance, biosafety and emergence and re-emergence of infectious diseases in Brazil

The present paper presents compulsory notification data for infectious diseases and epidemiologic ones recorded at the Center for Strategic Information and Health Surveillance (CIEVS) for the period of March 2006 to April 2007. Data is presented in accordance with geographic distribution, time and risk classification of the etiologic agents found, according to Ministry of Health regulations. The importance of this epidemiologic surveillance system is presented, debating the main topics required for quality improvement and information analysis. It is concluded, from the analysis of epidemiologic events and their relation to risk management, that the compulsory notification system in Brazil is incomplete, irregular, delayed and, in a large percentage of cases, notification cannot be completed and the agent may not be identified. Quality of data varies from one region to another and from county to county within the same region. There is a high proportion of cases in which the etiologic agent is unknown and, in such cases, a high lethality is expected, establishing a high risk exposure condition for those health professionals involved in health surveillance. From these data, the study points out the need to improve the surveillance system and strengthens the idea of building maximum containment laboratories.

Developing and validating operating room safety standards at El-Demardash Hospital

Safety standards for the operating room have existed for decades. These standards have traditionally focused on equipment, fire prevention and environmental controls with the primary aim of protecting the people who work in the room. That is, surgeons, perioperative care nurses and anesthesiologists. The present study aimed at developing and validating operating room safety standard through, identifying the potential hazards in the operating rooms, proposing safety standards in the operating room and verifying the proposed safety standards according to expert opinions. The study was conducted at El Demerdash Hospital, Ain Shams University. The sample included 43nurses and 49 physicians who working in the operating Rooms. The data collection tools were a questionnaire format to assess, availability of the potential hazards in the operating rooms, observation checklist to evaluate the performance of the personnel toward the potential hazards and An opinionnair format: this tool aims at reflecting opinions of jury regarding the safety standards to verify its contents, the findings showed statistically significant very high percentages related to agreement of jury group members upon the general responsibilities of the operating room nurse in the proposed standard for all the items. The data collection tools were a questionnaire, it declares very high percentages of the importance in most of items such as Proper surgical positions for each type of operations, Wearing the lead apron during the process of radiography for all employees in the OR and Periodic daily, weekly, and monthly cleaning of OR equipment operations to prevent cross-infection. The study recommended that. The steps of the safety standards must be demonstrating by detail for all team work of the operating rooms. Safety Standards must be available and applicable for all work teams of the operating rooms of the hospital and Demonstrate the effective of the physical hazards on the work teams especially x-ray radiation

Índice de seguridad hospitalaria: Guía para la evaluación de establecimientos de salud de mediana y baja complejidad / Hospital Safety Index: A Guide for the evaluation of health of medium and low complexity

En esta guía se entiende como establecimiento menor a aquellas instalaciones de salud de mediana o baja complejidad, que junto a los hospitales principales conforman las redes de salud. Entre ellas están los hospitales primarios, con menos de 20 camas o sin hospitalización, centros de salud, policlínicas, clínicas. Esta carpeta incluye los elementos necesarios para el desarrollo de la evaluación: la guía que orienta al equipo de evaluación, los formularios necesarios para recopilar y analizar la información y un disco CD- ROM con esos documentos en formato electrónico, el modelo matemático y otros materiales de apoyo o referencia técnica...

Introdução do NAT no Brazil: algumas considerações adicionais: [carta ao editor] / NAT application in Brazil: some additional aspects to be considered: [letter to the editor]

The authors comment on a recent letter to the Editor which dealtwith the introduction of NAT in Brazil.

Urgência na introdução do NAT: é fundamental não cometer os erros do passado: [carta ao editor] / Urgency of the introduction of NAT: it is crucial not to commit past errors: [letter to the editor]

This letter to the Editor about "the urgency of the introduction ofNAT in Brazil" complements and defines the position of theDirectorate of the Brazilian Society of Hematology and Hemotherapyin respect to letters to the Editor both in this and the previous issueof the RBHH.

Revisión de estrategias efectivas para la seguridad de la atención del paciente / Review of effective strategies for safety of patient care

La seguridad del paciente constituye una actividad compleja ya que en ella se conjugan los aspectos propios de los sistemas sanitarios y las acciones humanas. No existen metodologías consensuadas capaces de controlar todas las variables que influyen en la seguridad y tampoco forma de garantizar la ausencia de eventos adversos asociados a la atención. En USA los errores médicos son el causante de la muerte de 98.000 pacientes al año. En Canadá y Nueva Zelanda el 10% de los pacientes hospitalizados sufren las consecuencias de errores médicos. A esto se suma las consecuencias económicas: aumento de días de hospitalización, demandas judiciales, pérdidas de ingreso, infecciones intrahospitalarias, discapacidades y gastos médicos, causando perdidas tanto para los establecimientos como para las familias de los pacientes, traducidos en costos directos e indirectos de las intervenciones. En el marco del Proyecto de Revisión de Estrategias Efectivas para Implementar Políticas de Seguridad y de acuerdo a los hallazgos previos de la evidencia se puede sistematizar la información en torno a cuatro áreas específicas que facilitan su análisis: 1. Estimación del tamaño y severidad del problema (Identificar el problema) 2. Gestión del Riesgo 3. Sistematización de la evidencia o reportes de experiencias acerca de la efectividad de las intervenciones-acciones para reducir el problema 4. Sistematización de la evidencia o reportes de experiencias acerca de cómo implementar las intervenciones-acciones para reducir el problema. Dado este escenario metodológico a continuación se revisa la evidencia más reciente en materias de seguridad a partir de los lineamientos de la Organización Mundial de la Salud de modo de facilitar la aplicación de la información presentada para el desarrollo de estrategias efectivas para las políticas de seguridad del paciente.